基于形状记忆聚合物复合材料航天航空可变形结构技术研究进展

形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料是一种在相应的外界刺激下可以在临时形状和初始形状之间进行切换的智能材料,具有低密度、低成本、可回复变形大,刺激方式可控等优点,在航天航空领域,如:空间可展开结构、锁紧释放机构、变体等,展现出来了巨大的应用潜力。这些应用大多处于开发阶段,一部分完成了地面功能验证,少部分进行了航天实验。本文首先总结了形状记忆聚合物(SMP)和形状记忆聚合物复合材料(SMPC)的分类,以及恶劣的空间环境因素下SMP的性能变化。随后总结了SMPC的空间可展开结构,包括:铰链、桁架、太阳能电池阵;SMPC的解锁释放结构;SMPC的变体结构以及基于4D打印的SMPC可展开结构的潜在应用。最后,对形状记忆材料和结构的发展前景进行了展望。     

耐高温隔热材料组合结构模拟研究与试验验证

以热防护系统隔热组合结构中不同隔热材料厚度尺寸为计算变量,以飞行器主结构温度极值即最低背面温度为目标参数,以组合结构中第二层材料最高使用温度为约束条件建立隔热组合结构模型,并进行了石英灯考核验证。采用通用软件ANSYS 进行一维瞬态有限元热分析,将模型计算结果和试验结果进行了全面对比,各项数据吻合良好。     

Collaborative manufacturing technologies of structure shape and surface integrity for complex thin-walled components of aero-engine: Status,challenge and tendency

Presently, the service performance of new-generation high-tech equipment is directly affected by the manufacturing quality of complex thin-walled components. A high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of these complex thin-walled components creates a bottleneck that needs to be solved urgently in machinery manufacturing. To address this problem, the collaborative manufacturing of structure shape and surface integrity has emerged as a new process that can shorten processing cycles, improve machining qualities, and reduce costs. This paper summarises the research status on the material removal mechanism, precision control of structure shape, machined surface integrity control and intelligent process control technology of complex thin-walled components. Numerous solutions and technical approaches are then put forward to solve the critical problems in the high-performance manufacturing of complex thin-wall components. The development status, challenge and tendency of collaborative manufacturing technologies in the high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of complex thin-wall components is also discussed.     

考虑含界面裂纹应力集中系数的复合材料强度计算

弱界面复合材料受横向拉伸时,界面会在材料整体破坏前发生脱粘,材料横向拉伸强度甚至远低于纯基体的拉伸强度。为了准确地预测弱界面复合材料的偏轴强度,需要考虑和量化纤维埋入及界面脱粘对基体现场强度的影响。定义考虑界面裂纹的应力集中系数,提出一种新的方法用于预测弱界面复合材料在任意角度偏轴拉伸作用下界面脱粘对应的临界外加载荷和材料的整体强度;并对不同种类的复合材料进行算例分析。结果表明:加入新定义的应力集中系数可以明显提高预测的准确性。     

天线反射器复合材料轻量化研究

采用树脂基复合材料代替铝合金材料研制反射器满足天线反射器减重要求,并建立反射器3D模型,通过有限元软件分别对铝合金以及复合材料反射器的模态进行分析。结果表明:在保持相同体积的条件下,复合材料反射器基频比铝合金反射器高出35.23%,减轻41.2%;为了保证星载反射器在服役环境中的精度,对两种材料反射器在-180~+80℃的热变形进行仿真。结果显示:采用[0/45/-45/90]2S铺层设计的反射器热变形量比铝合金反射器低94.25%;采用模压工艺研制的复合材料反射器型面精度为0.027 mm,满足使用要求,并且在服役环境下,复合材料型面精度稳定性优于铝合金反射器。     

Macro-phenomenological high-strain-rate elastic fracture model for ice-impact simulations

The ice impact can cause a severe damage to an aircraft’s exposed structure, thus, requiring its prevention. The numerical simulation represents an effective method to overcome this challenge. The establishment of the ice material model is critical. However, ice is not a common structural material and exhibits an extremely complex material behavior. The material models of ice reported so far are not able to accurately simulate the ice behavior at high strain rates. This study proposes a novel high-precision macro-phenomenological elastic fracture model based on the brittle behavior of ice at high strain rates. The developed model has been compared with five reported models by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method so as to simulate the ice-impact process with respect to the impact speeds and ice shapes. The important metrics and phenomena (impact force history, deformation and fragmentation of the ice projectile and deflection of the target) were compared with the experimental data reported in the literature. The findings obtained from the developed model are observed to be most consistent with the experimental data, which demonstrates that the model represents the basic physics and phenomena governing the ice impact at high strain rates. The developed model includes a relatively fewer number of material parameters. Further, the used parameters have a clear physical meaning and can be directly obtained through experiments. Moreover, no adjustment of any material parameter is needed, and the consumption duration is also acceptable. These advantages indicate that the developed model is suitable for simulating the ice-impact process and can be applied for the anti-ice impact design in aviation.     

Optimum alternate material selection methodology for an aircraft skin

Weight penalty has been a challenge for design engineers of aerospace vehicles. Today’s high-efficiency combat aircraft undergoes intense stress and strain during flying missions, which require stronger and stiffer materials to retain structural integrity. Though metallic materials have been successfully used for the construction of aircraft structures and components, metals still have a low strength-to-weight ratio. This paper aims to develop an alternate optimised material selection methodolog...     

夹层复合材料圆柱壳表层的缠绕优化

以平衡型稳定网络为约束条件,以等强度和提高临界失稳载荷为设计目标,对夹层复合材料圆柱壳体的缠绕表层进行了优化研究。首先,基于等强度设计,得到表层的最优缠绕方式为螺旋加环型缠绕,且螺旋缠绕角应满足α≤54.7°;其次,以结构强度及稳定性为双重指标,采用ABAQUS建立有限元模型,求解不同长径比的夹层复合材料圆柱壳的最优螺旋缠绕角α_(opt)。研究发现:当长径比0.5≤η≤3时,随η增加,表层的最优缠绕方式从单一螺旋加环型缠绕过渡至纵向铺放加环向缠绕,且最大临界失稳载荷Pcr近似呈二次递减关系。该优化方法不仅可达到轻量化要求,而且满足结构强度和稳定性双重指标。     

复合材料成型工艺仿真技术

通过计算机模拟RTM冲模过程来确定工艺设计方案和工艺参数;通过固化仿真来优化固化工艺曲线.结果表明:数值模拟技术为复合材料成型工艺优化提供了可行方法.